INNOVATIVE TUTORIALS

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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><b>Bit Stuffing</b> is one of the framing technique used in Data-Link Layer (layer 2) of OSI Reference Model.<br />  In Bit-Stuffing technique, stuffing is done at the bit level. It was developed for the once very popular HDLC(High-Level Data Link Layer) protocol. Each frame begins and ends with a special bit pattern 01111110 or 0x7E in hexadecimal. This pattern is a flag byte.</span><br />
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<div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #4e9cf4; border: 1px solid red; padding: 10px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: white;">"Whenever the sender's data link layer encounters five consecutive 1s in the data, it automatically stuffs a 0 bit into the outgoing bit stream" </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: white;">     "Whenever the receiver sees five consecutive incoming 1 bits, followed by a 0 bit, it automatically destuffs (i.e, deletes) the 0 bit."
</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><b>For Example:</b> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">If the user data contain the flag pattern, 01111110, this flag is transmitted as 011111010 but stored in the receiver's memory as 01111110, as shown in fig below:</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QlmvJx6UNfxjZWOsz5GR2BmgLleVbzii4yMRPxQXn_6SyuhoWe4IzXfGCKb7qADGKIdb6KL0Nd2UCMcQJMQkaSk0s_CoZ6U1sNNRSsWz7EetOJyxB6Cy7doxU_WoEonrpajF1eSPuKE/s1600/bit_stuff.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QlmvJx6UNfxjZWOsz5GR2BmgLleVbzii4yMRPxQXn_6SyuhoWe4IzXfGCKb7qADGKIdb6KL0Nd2UCMcQJMQkaSk0s_CoZ6U1sNNRSsWz7EetOJyxB6Cy7doxU_WoEonrpajF1eSPuKE/s1600/bit_stuff.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">fig.a) Original Data. b) Stuffed Data. c) Received Data</td></tr>
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<div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0%#4e9cf4; border: 1px solid red; padding: 10px;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Source Code
</b></span></span></div>
<div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #4e9cf4; border: 1px solid red; padding: 10px;">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
import java.util.*;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
public class SEFBS </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">                </span>{</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span>public static
void main(String[] args)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                                </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>{</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">             
</span>System.out.print("Enter the Binary message: ");</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>Scanner
sn=new Scanner(System.in);</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>String
data = sn.nextLine();</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>String
res = new String();</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>String
out=new String();</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>int
counter = 0;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">              </span>for(int
i=0;i<data.length();i++)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                </span>{</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                 </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                   </span>if
(data.charAt(i)!='1' && data.charAt(i)!='0')</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{ </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>System.out.println("Enter only Binary values!!!");</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>return;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>if(data.charAt(i) == '1')</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>counter++;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>res = res + data.charAt(i); </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                  
</span>else</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{ </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>res = res + data.charAt(i);</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>counter = 0;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                  
</span>if(counter == 5)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{ </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>res = res + '0';</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                        
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>counter = 0;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                </span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            </span>String
inc="01111110"+res+"01111110";</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">           
</span>System.out.println("The Message to be transfered: " +inc);</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">           
</span>System.out.println("Seding Message....");</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            </span>counter=0;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            </span>for(int
i=0;i<res.length();i++)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                </span>{</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                    </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                   
</span>if(res.charAt(i) == '1')</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
                             </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">

</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>counter++;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                           
</span>out = out + res.charAt(i); </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                      </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                   
</span>else </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{ </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                            
</span>out = out + res.charAt(i);</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                            
</span>counter = 0;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                  
</span>if(counter == 5)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>{ </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                             
</span>if((i+2)!=res.length())</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                             
</span>out = out + res.charAt(i+2);</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                             
</span>else</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                             
</span>out=out + '1';</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                             
</span>i=i+2;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                             
</span>counter = 1;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">                       
</span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">               </span>} </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">           </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            
</span>System.out.println("Message Recevied...Successfully!!!");</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">            
</span>System.out.println("The Destuffed Message is: "+out);</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span>}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
}</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
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<div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #4e9cf4; border: 1px solid red; padding: 10px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"><b>Output  </b></span></span></div>
<div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHE1HTgPy0IMSKEwFjURCkawZ4PkMxRaZjW8QwkrYCezBSZa26TEone6JzqOeHvpgACGTRRDw66Cp3I2HbWXGqroYOyFmQji0fv3t09mSvchZ7jGlKnhQFVdzpWbYE8Mc-JKmr2bhGzUk/s1600/bit_stuff_output.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHE1HTgPy0IMSKEwFjURCkawZ4PkMxRaZjW8QwkrYCezBSZa26TEone6JzqOeHvpgACGTRRDw66Cp3I2HbWXGqroYOyFmQji0fv3t09mSvchZ7jGlKnhQFVdzpWbYE8Mc-JKmr2bhGzUk/s1600/bit_stuff_output.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Bit Stuffing is one of the framing technique used in Data-Link Layer (layer 2) of OSI Reference Model. In Bit-Stuffing technique, stuffing is done at the bit level. It was developed for the once ver…

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